Learn about the geography chapter 6 "Population" from Class 9, covering India's Population, Distribution, and Factors. Explore key concepts and important points for exams.
Population Geography Chapter - 6Class- 9 (Ncert Notes And Questions)
Introduction
- Population refers to the total number of people living in a specific area at a given time.
- It is a dynamic phenomenon which means it changes over time due to births, deaths, and migration.
Key Concepts
1. Population Size and Distribution
- Population Size: Refers to the number of people living in a particular area.
- Population Distribution: Describes the way people are spread across the earth's surface. It can be uneven due to geographical, social, economic, and political factors.
2. Population Density
- Defined as the number of people living per unit area, usually measured in persons per square kilometer.
- Formula: Population Density = Total Population / Total Land Area
Factors Influencing Population Distribution
1. Geographical Factors:
- Topography: Areas with favorable topography (plains, river valleys) have higher population densities.
- Climate: Moderate climates attract more people compared to extreme climates.
- Soil: Fertile soils support agriculture and, hence, higher population densities.
2. Economic Factors:
- Industries: Industrial areas attract a large number of people for job opportunities.
- Urbanization: Urban areas offer better amenities, education, healthcare, and job opportunities.
3. Social and Cultural Factors:
- Areas with historical and cultural significance often attract people.
- Social factors like community and kinship ties also influence settlement patterns.
4. Political Factors:
- Government policies can encourage or discourage population in certain areas through development projects or restrictions.
Population Growth.
- Population Growth Rate: Measures how the number of people in a population changes over time.
- Influenced by:
- Birth Rate: Number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.
- Death Rate: Number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.
- Migration: Movement of people from one place to another.
Components of Population Changes
1. Birth Rate
- High birth rates contribute to population growth.
- Influenced by social, cultural, economic, and health factors.
2. Death Rate
- Decline in death rates due to improvements in medical facilities, sanitation, and nutrition leads to population growth.
- High death rates can decrease population size.
3. Migration
- Internal Migration: Movement within a country.
- International Migration: Movement between countries.
- Migration affects population size and distribution.
Population Composition
- Age Structure: The distribution of the population across different age groups.
- Sex Ratio: Number of females per 1,000 males.
- Literacy Rate: Percentage of people who can read and write.
- Occupational Structure: Distribution of the population according to different occupations.
India’s Population
- India is the second most populous country in the world.
- Diverse in terms of geography, culture, and socio-economic factors which influence population distribution and density.
- Population policies in India aim to address issues of overpopulation and promote sustainable development.
Demographic Transition
- Refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops.
Divided into four stages:
1. High Stationary: High birth and death rates.
2. Early Expanding: High birth rate, declining death rate.
3. Late Expanding: Declining birth and death rates.
4. Low Stationary: Low birth and death rates.
Conclusion
Understanding population dynamics is crucial for planning and development. It helps in the efficient allocation of resources and provides insights into social and economic policies to improve the quality of life.
These notes cover the fundamental concepts of population as outlined in the Class 9 Geography NCERT textbook.
Read More:
Chapter 1: India Size and location
Chapter 2: Physical features of India
Chapter 3: Drainage
Chapter 4: Climate
Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Chapter 6: Population
Population Class 9 Geography NCERT - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
FAQs
1. What is population density, and how is it calculated?
Answer:Population density is defined as the number of people living per unit area of land. It is calculated using the formula:
Population Density = Total Population / Total Land Area
It is usually expressed in persons per square kilometer.
2. Explain the term "population distribution.
Answer: Population distribution refers to the way people are spread across the earth's surface. It can be uneven due to various geographical, social, economic, and political factors. Some areas may be densely populated while others may be sparsely populated.
3. What factors influence population distribution?
Answer: Several factors influence population distribution:
- Geographical Factors:Topography, climate, and soil fertility.
- Economic Factors: Availability of jobs, industrialization, and urbanization.
- Social and Cultural Factors: Historical significance, community, and cultural ties.
- Political Factors: Government policies and political stability.
4. What is the difference between birth rate and death rate?
Answer:
- Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.
- Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.
Both rates are used to understand the population growth and health of a region.
5. How does migration affect population size?
Answer: Migration affects population size by either increasing or decreasing the number of people in a particular area. Internal migration is the movement within a country, while international migration is the movement between countries. Migration can lead to changes in population density and composition.
6. What are the components of population change?
Answer: The main components of population change are:
- Birth Rate: Affects the increase in population.
- Death Rate:Affects the decrease in population.
- Migration: Can either increase (immigration) or decrease (emigration) the population of an area.
7. Describe the term "age structure" of a population.
Answer: Age structure refers to the distribution of a population across different age groups. It helps in understanding the proportion of young, working-age, and elderly people in a population. This information is crucial for planning and providing services like education, employment, and healthcare.
8. What is the sex ratio, and why is it important?
Answer: The sex ratio is the number of females per 1,000 males in a population. It is an important demographic indicator as it reflects the gender balance in a society and can indicate social issues such as gender discrimination and inequality.
9. What does the term "literacy rate" mean?
Answer: Literacy rate is the percentage of people in a population who can read and write. It is a key indicator of educational attainment and overall development in a society.
10. What is the demographic transition model?
Answer: The demographic transition model describes the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops. It is divided into four stages:
1. High Stationary:High birth and death rates.
2. Early Expanding:High birth rate, declining death rate.
3. Late Expanding:Declining birth rate, low death rate.
4. Low Stationary:Low birth and death rates.
11. Why is it important to understand population dynamics?
Answer:Understanding population dynamics is crucial for effective planning and development. It helps in the allocation of resources, designing policies for health, education, and employment, and addressing challenges related to overpopulation or underpopulation. It ensures sustainable development and improved quality of life.
12. What are the main features of India's population?
Answer:
- India is the second most populous country in the world.
- It has a diverse population in terms of geography, culture, and socio-economic factors.
- The population is unevenly distributed with higher densities in fertile plains and urban areas.
- The government has policies aimed at addressing population growth and promoting sustainable development.
These FAQs provide a concise review of key concepts in the Population chapter of Class 9 Geography NCERT.
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